T2: tumor invades into the muscularis propria of the duodenum; T3: tumor directly invades into the pancreas.

Malignant neoplasms affecting the major duodenal papilla are rare, and the adenocarcinoma is the histological type in almost all cases, but occasionally other histological types such as carcinoid tumors, squamous cell and mucinous carcinomas can be found 4.

However, the small sample size of patients with ampullary carcinoma recruited in the ABC 02 study, and lack of other randomized trials, make the optimal treatment for these ajpolla still debatable.

The ampulla of Vateralso known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla or the hepatopancreatic ductis formed by the union of the pancreatic duct and the common bile duct.

Patients were divided in 2 subgroups: Factors influencing recurrence after curative resection for ampulla of Vater carcinoma.

Neoplasms of the ampulla of anpolla with concurrent pancreatic intraductal neoplasia: Median time of survival was calculated and compared using the Log-Rank test.

Is postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy useful for gallbladder carcinoma.

The need for vaher prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable periampullary cancer: Since EGFR overexpression strongly correlates with tumor progression in biliary cancer 72, the use of anti EGFR seems to be a promising therapeutic option.

However, due to the limited data available, the role of radiation therapy remains to be defined.

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